Betrayal Trauma Theory, introduced by Freyd (1997), explains the psychological response to betrayal, particularly the repression of traumatic memories. Freyd argues that betrayal, especially in close relationships, is so damaging that individuals often bury the memory of the event to cope. For effective recovery, she emphasizes that both the betrayed and the betrayer must be involved in the healing process. Without this, recovery may remain unsafe, as the betrayer could react destructively to the betrayed person's increased awareness and boundaries.
Betrayal trauma can also affect physical health. Klest et al. (2019) found a strong link between relational betrayal and the development of chronic physical and mental health conditions, highlighting the lasting impact on trust and future relationships.
Gómez (2020) expands on Betrayal Trauma Theory with the concept of Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory (CBTT), which explores the effects of betrayal within minority communities. CBTT highlights how betrayal within close relationships, especially in a sociocultural context, leads to mental health issues like PTSD, hypervigilance, and avoidance.
Betrayal trauma affects individuals across cultures, and healing requires empathetic, culturally informed treatment that addresses both mental and physical health, reinforcing the need for connection in recovery.
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